April 21, 2025
M&A Agreements: Allocating Tariff Risks
With the uncertainties surrounding US tariff policies likely to continue for some time, parties to acquisition agreements need to determine how to allocate the risks associated with tariffs in those agreements. This recent BakerHostetler memo identifies possible approaches to that process. Here’s an excerpt from the memo’s discussion of how reps and warranties can be used to allocate tariff risks:
A buyer may seek either to add specific, tariff-related representations and warranties or alternatively to supplement other more traditional representations and warranties with language addressing tariffs. For example, a buyer may desire to include tariff-related language in connection with a seller’s representations about its customers and suppliers, and its and their respective supply chains, including (a) whether any such relationships have been terminated or modified due to new tariffs, (b) if applicable, whether a seller’s inventory has become more difficult to obtain or turn over in a timely fashion, (c) country-of-origin information, (d) current tariff rate, and (e) volume of supply broken down by supplier.
A buyer may also seek to expand more traditional tax representations to include language addressing the impact of tariffs on the business. Another possibility would be to expressly include tariff-related language in the common representation concerning the absence of changes to prompt more specific disclosure from the seller about announced, recently effective, or proposed tariffs on various products, goods, and services.
In contrast, a seller should take care when preparing its disclosure schedules to consider the impact of tariffs on traditional representations regarding (i) the absence of undisclosed liabilities and (ii) whether the financial statements fairly present the financial condition of the seller’s business in light of any recently enacted tariffs. If a seller takes steps to reduce a target company’s imports, additional disclosures about acting outside of the ordinary course of business may be warranted.
The memo also addresses ways that indemnification provisions, interim operating covenants, closing conditions, MAC clauses, and earnouts, holdbacks and purchase price adjustments may be used to allocate tariff-related risks.
– John Jenkins